Human Breast Milk Microbiome: An Editorial

Michael Naafs, A. B.

Department of Medicine, Naafs International Health Consultancy, Netherlands

Dr. Michael Naafs, A. B., Department of Medicine, Naafs International Health Consultancy, Netherlands.

Keywords: Microbiome; Rotavirus; Breast Milk

Abstract

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are believed orchestrating the whole process of translocating bacteria of the mother’s gut microbiome to breast milk and shape the infants’ gut microbiome. HMOs are involved in modulating the infants’ innate immune system and to prevent bacterial infections. Paradoxically, they can enhance rotavirus replication and symptomatic rotavirus infection, which could lead to better performance of live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines in the future. Bioactive HMOs, exosomes and milk microbiota play an important role in the establishment of the neonatal microbiome. The role of microbial endocrinology in the breast milk microbiome is unknown yet.

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