Frequency of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Comorbidities Frequency of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Comorbidities in Elderly Saudi Population

Khalid Aljabri, S. J.^1*, Samia Bokhari, A.¹, Muneera Alshareef, A.¹, Patan Khan, M.¹ & Bandari Aljabri, K.²

¹Department of Endocrinology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
²College of medicine, Um Al Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Khalid Aljabri, S. J., Department of Endocrinology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes; Risk Factors

Abstract

Background and Objective
The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are increasing worldwide. T2DM was the second common chronic disease diagnosed among elderly patients. This study aims to determine the frequency of type 2 diabetes and associated comorbidities in elderly Saudi population.
Methods
For the present study, we analyzed participants who are older than or equal to 60 years old. A total of 1022 were selected to be enrolled for the present study. All patients were from the population of the Primary health and Diabetic Centres at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital. Participants were defined as having T2DM according to self-report, clinical reports, use of antidiabetic agents and HbA1c (?6.5). Laboratory assessments included HbA1c, lipids, creatinine and urinary microalbumin.
Main results
Of the 1012 articipants analyzed, 538 were men (53.2%). Age was 68.5 ± 6.9. Obesity was present in 432(46.7%) with female to male ratio 1.2:1. Blood measurements revealed the following values: total cholesterol levels 4.7 ± 1.1 mmol/L, high density lipoprotein 1.2 ± 0.3 mmol/L, triglyceride levels 1.7 ± 0.8 and low density lipoprotein 2.8 ± 0.9 mmol/L. There were significant higher values of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein for female in comparison to male, p<0.0001, p=0.002 and p<0.0001 respectively. High triglyceride was found to be higher in male, p=0.004. Of the overall 1012 analyzed participants, chronic renal failure and DN were present in 128(12.8%) and 261(37.6%) respectively. T2DM had been diagnosed in 730 (72.1%) with no significant difference between both gender, p=0.4. 530(83.9%) was diagnosed with HTN and T2DM with significant difference favoring female gender (52.1% vs. 47.9%) with female to male ratio 1.1:1, p<0.0001. Obesity was present in 328(49.8%) of patients with T2DM with female to male ratio 1.5:1. Patients with T2DM has significantly lower total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein and higher triglyceride. Chronic renal failure and DN were present in 254(14.0%) and 101(39.2%) respectively. Patients with T2DM have a HbA1c of 8.3 ± 2.2. The older the patients with T2DM, the lower the HbA1c; r = - 0.07, p=0.05. Patients with T2DM with HTN has higher HbA1c than those without HTN, 8.2 ± .2 vs. 7.6 ± 2.1, P<0.0001 respectively. The older the patients with T2DM and HTN, the lower the HbA1c; r = - 0.07, p=0.1. There were no significant difference when comparing T2DM in relation to different BMI categories and different age groups. There was a significant difference between T2DM and HTN and different BMI categories, p<0.0001. When comparing T2DM associated with HTN in relation to different BMI categories, there was a significant difference between T2DM associated with HTN and different BMI categories, p<0.0001. T2DM subjects were more likely to have hypertension when subjects have higher BMI, p=0.001, Figure 2. Only significant difference was found between gender in obese cases with T2DM associated with HTN, p=0.04.

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