The Genetics of the Races of Humans

Adrian Dane Kenny

Department of Psychology, Harvard University, USA

*Correspondence to: Dr. Adrian Dane Kenny, Department of Psychology, Harvard University, USA.

Copyright © 2019 Dr. Adrian Dane Kenny. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Introduction

As I have grown up I have been exposed to different racial groups. One being born in Jamaica, which is primarily a black-skinned fitzpatrick 6 skin type population, and then moving to Canada, which is primarily a white-skinned fitzpatrick 1 population. And eventually moving to the United States of America.

It was baffling to me this idea that we are all created equal as humans, when in fact it is quite clear that we are all different, even when just assessing skin color. So this is part of the reason why I sought to further understand this discrepancy in reality, are we all equal, possibly just with different skin colors, or are we truly different and what is the genetic evidence of this.

I have realized that we really are different, and have even formed into different races of humans due to genetic isolation as a part of our evolutionary processes, and due to differences in migration patterns, differences in nutrition, and differences in sun exposure. And also due to differences in disease exposure.

As a result of these things, and possibly other factors, we have evolved and mutated genetically differently, divergently at times, homologously at times, and even convergently at times. So the races of humans is a factor of divergent evolution, homologous evolution and also convergent evolution, and is genetic.

Type of Study
This is a secondary analysis of data that had been revealed publicly via youtube videos.

Methodology
I came across videos on youtube of humans revealing their genetic make-up according to different racial and ethnic groups and geographical groups. These people used different tests, such as ancestry.com, myheritagedna, and 23andme. None of them had used helix. They took the test, waited for their results, and revealed their genetic make up to the public.

I watched these videos, and then even sought and searched for videos of humans from specific race groups, primarily using search terms associated with skin color. I found videos for white skinned humans, brown skinned humans, and dark brown skinned humans. I did not find videos for the humans representing the blackest skinned humans, fitzpatrick 6. But I did come close with finding one video of a dark skinned brown woman.

I then abstracted the demographic information for each individual, including their names, races, and genders. I also abstracted their genetic contribution data that they revealed to the public. This was all on youtube, and in the public domain of media and the internet.

I even did a google search to find a representative of the blackest communities who had done a video explaining their genetic makeup of their racial phenotype, such as a person from the congo of sub-saharan Africa. However, I did not find any that way.

I put this information in a table. I ranked the racial and ethnic, and geographic groups according to whiteness, going from whitest on the left, to blackest on the right.

I also ranked the individual humans according to whiteness too. I assessed the whiteness of their skin color, from watching them in the videos and also by comparing other features such as hair type and texture, nose morphology, and iris color, when possible. The whitest is at the top of the rank list, and the blackest is at the bottom of the rank list in the table.

I then assessed the difference in the racial and ethnic make-up of the individuals, as well as the geographic backgrounds of the individuals.

To keep this information organized, I wrote this information down on sheets of paper, and then did some the ranking by race for each video. Aftwerwards, I inputted it into a Microsoft excel worksheet and then integrated the data to complete my ranking of the individual humans by race. I used that worksheet to create one of the tables that is presented below.

Results
I found seven videos on youtube specifically filmed to reveal the genetic make-up of individual humans from specific racial groups.

Interpretation
From table 2 it is clear that there are genetic markers for race, specifically races of humans. Presumably, and at the least, this is going to be for skin color, iris color, and hair color and texture. It should also include other organs such as the musculoskeletal system, and even slight differences in the heart and cardoiovascular systems, the lungs, the liver, and the other organs. There might and should be larger differences among the neurological system, specifically, and at the least in the brain.

the white races are indicated by the following racial, ethnic, and geographic descriptors: irish/Scottish/ welsh, Ireland/Scotland/wales, British & irish, Great Britain, Scandinavian, Finland/northwest Russia, Northwest European, Broadly northwest European, Europe west, French & german, European, Europe east, Ashkenazi jewish, European jewish, Italy/Greece, Italian, Iberian, Iberian peninsula, Broadly southern European, Middle eastern, North African, Africa north.

These are also ranked in order of whiteness.

The brown races are indicated by the following racial, ethnic, and geographic descriptors: Japa-nese, Korean, Chinese, Caucasus, West asia/Caucasus, East Asian/eskimo/inuit, Broadly east Asian, East Asian & native American, Native American, Filipino, Thai, Vietnamese, Southeast Asian, Indian, Indigenous Amazonian, Oceanian.

These have also been ranked in order of their whiteness as best as I know, at this current time.

The black races are indicated by the following racial, ethnic, and geopgraphic descriptors: Sub-saharan African, Mali, Senegal, Sierra leone, Ivory coast/Ghana, Benin/togo, East African/somalian, Kenyan, Nigerian, West African, Central & south African, Africa southeastern bantu, Central Africa, Cameroon/ congo, Africa south central hunter gatherer.

These groups have also been ranked in order of their whiteness too, as best as I know at this current time.

Conclusion
It is clear that there are genetic differences according to the races of humans.

There is no doubt to me that there are races of humans. Those races are white, brown, and black. This means that there has been enough genetic isolation over thousands of years, or hundreds of thousands of years, and assortive mating processes, as well as differences in climate exposure and sun exposure, and differences in nutrition to explain the evolution and appearance of races of humans. And of course, within each of these racial groups there is also racial and ethnic differences. These are racial subgroups and are often referred to as ethnicities. This can be as discrete as anyone would like to make it, or as broad as anyone would like to make it. However when making it as broad as possible it ultimately becomes three races of humans: white, brown, and black. The genetics of race will in fact verify and completely corroborate the evidence of these three racial groups, phenotypically, genetically, and evolutionarily.